Questions on Articles by Christopher D. Stone and Work by Milton Friedman - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 639 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/16 Category Business Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Capitalism Essay Did you like this example? 1. What criticisms does Friedman raise against business managers who engage in socially responsible practices? Explain. Friedman criticizes business managers who engage in socially responsible behavior by using the argument that there is a different set of criteria for social responsible behavior of a person, who happens to be a corporate executive (businessman) versus that same person acting as an individual in a free-society. A business manager’s main responsibility is to maximize the profit of the corporation. When that person combines those roles and directs a corporation to take on a social responsible cause, because it would either increase cost or decrease revenue, it would be equivalent to a tax on the customers, shareholders and employees without their consent and in some cases, knowledge. Friedman further argues that a business manager who engages in socially responsible activities is in effect acting as a socialistic governmental agent in that a social ist government acts in the interest of the people it is set up to govern, while not fostering a free market or cultivating capitalism. A corporate executive would count on capitalism to ensure profits are maximized. In short, a business manager cannot successfully have a split focus on the goals of the corporation. If he is going to maximize profits, he cannot actively partake in socially responsible activities. Friedman says the political principle that underlies the market mechanism is unanimity (agreement) and the principle that underlies the political mechanism is conformity. Explain. The political principal that underlies the market mechanism of unanimity is in a sense opposite to the principle that underlies the political mechanism. Unanimity calls for voluntary cooperation that does not require social values beyond what the group agrees upon. In conformity, people may disagree, but must still cooperate with the decision. As it would be impossible to get all of the peopl e to agree all of the time, utilizing unanimity would be impractical, which would automatically assume that the political mechanism would have a greater chance of utilization than the market mechanism. 2. What criticism(s) does Christopher Stone raise against a view like Friedmans? Explain. The criticism that Stone raises is that namely corporations are not people and that there are important differences between human beings and artificial beings (corporations). Stone would further argue that the corporation did not make a direct agreement with the shareholder that the sole responsibility of the corporation is to maximize profit since most shareholders are not the original purchasers of the outstanding shares. According to Stone, a shareholder would have a certain expectation of how the shares they purchase will perform at the time of purchase and that although the shareholder has that belief, it is not an implicit contract to perform in that manner. The projected performance may not even include the maximization of profit in the stocks underlying expectation. Stone’s position allows for a split focus for a business manager in that although the corporation should be lead in a way that allows for profitability, the business manager should not be prohibited to engage in socially responsible activities or causes. How might Friedman respond? Friedman would argue that a corporation’s business manager has a duty to the shareholders to maximize profits, not to be socially responsible and that these are independent activities. Although the shares more likely than not were purchased from a previous shareholder as opposed to the corporation, for Friedman, there would still be an inherent expectation that the leader of a corporation act in a way that maximizes profits, regardless of who the promise is originally made to. The business manager who engages in socially responsible activities is acting on a personal nature and these activities could be at the expense of corporate profit, which in Friedman’s view is a tax that the shareholders may not be aware of and would not approve. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Questions on Articles by Christopher D. Stone and Work by Milton Friedman" essay for you Create order

Living As Woman And A Muslim Essay - 1235 Words

Living as Woman and a Muslim in America The term sociological imagination was a concept constructed by the American Sociologist C. Wright Mills in 1959 to describe the ability to understand how our lives are affected by the historical and sociological changes around us. In order to possess the knowledge of sociological imagination, we should be able to pull away from the current situation and be able to look and think from a different perspective. C. Wright Mills defined his concept of sociological imagination as â€Å"...the vivid awareness of the relationship between experience and the wider society†. We need to be able to grasp the connection between the society which is shaped by the historical events and how our personal biography is affected by these events take place everyday. To further reiterate this concept, I will attempt to discuss how social issues surrounding my gender and my religion as a Muslim woman living in the United States have changed my sociological imagination and I how I was able to shif t my perspective by thinking from a different point of view thus applying the C. Wright Mills’ concept of sociological imagination in my personal life. by making references to articles, â€Å"Gender as Structure† (Ferguson, 291) and â€Å"Muslims in America† (Ferguson, 519). I will also attempt to explain the how knower and known is related to the social issues of gender and religion. Around the world, gender is the fundamental division between the people in any given societyShow MoreRelatedTerrorism And The Existence Of Terrorism Essay1266 Words   |  6 PagesThe first time I became aware of the existence of terrorism was when I was only six years old living in a small European country known as Slovakia. 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Brand

Brand-Tracker-of-Sunsilk-to-Calculate-the-Brand-Image Essay Executive summary Sunsilk is one of the worlds most popular hair care brands and is currently marketed in more than 50 countries. It was launched in India in 1964 . Over the decades it has been revamped, constantly keeping it contemporary with the changing times and consumer preferences. Objective: To enable brand image measurement of Sunsilk. Methodology: The two models developed are: 1 Model used Instrument of data collection Sample size Brand asset valuator model Questionnaire 25 respondents 2 Model used Instrument of data collection Sample size Reynolds and Gutman’s â€Å"Laddering Method† Laddering/ depth interview 8 respondents Findings: 1. From Brand asset valuator model The survey revealed that shampoo is a product in which consumers care about their choice between different brands. For the BAV analysis, Sunsilk’s competitor brands are Clinic Plus, Garnier, Pantene and Fiama Di Wills. On the four primary dimensions of the BAV model, the results for Sunsilk are: Knowledge: Sunsilk comes second in knowledge with an 80 percentile. Clinic plus enjoyed the top position because of its mass appeal and the association of Clinic (Clinic All Clear with anti dandruff. . Sunsilk is high on knowledge because of various reasons. It is an old brand; it is a product of Unilever. Sunsilk has always taken many initiatives to reach customers like the Sunsilk Gang of Girls, promotional campaigns like ‘life can’t wait’. Customers were offered free hair care and styling consultations by Sunsilk hair e xperts Jawed Habib and Samantha Kochhar. Thus, Sunsilk is high on knowledge. Presently, Sunsilk is trying to move up the value chain by being a mid premium brand and not a mass market brand. But our survey reveals that respondents still view Sunsilk as a mass market brand. Esteem: Sunsilk is not very high on esteem, enjoys third position with a 60 percentile. The reason probably could be it is seen more as a mass product and lesser as a premium product. Shampoos like Garnier are seen more as a premium product. Differentiation: Sunsilk is second on differentiation with an 80 percentile. There are a variety of reasons due to which Sunsilk enjoys differentiation. It does different things like the gang of girls, offers expertise of hair care experts like experts Jawed Habib and Samantha Kochhar. Relevance: Sunsilk brand is highest on relevance. This could be on account of various reasons. Sunsilk is a popular brand, a Unilever product, used since many decades. It is a quality product at affordable price. Moreover, it has wide variety of variants to cater to different consumer preferences. The product is relevant among wide masses because of its quality, affordability and constant innovation Conclusion from the BAV model: Sunsilk is more towards a leadership brand. When we see Sunsilk’s Brand Stature, it is second highest in knowledge, but not high on esteem. When we see Sunsilk’s Brand Strength, it is second highest in differentiation and highest in relevance. Thus the brand has high growth potential. 2. From laddering method Laddering provides a way to probe into the consumer’s deep underlying psychological and emotional reasons that affect their purchasing decisions. There were 7 attributes, 8 consequences and 5 values that were identified from the depth interviews. Some important findings were: a) Most respondents stated that out of the listed attributes, the label or brand of the shampoo was important. This was because they associated a premium brand with superior quality and indicated it as being crucial as a status symbol. b) The monetary value of a shampoo was also considered important as this was again associated with quality. ) A light colored liquid shampoo was preferred as lighter shade liquids are considered chemical free and â€Å"pure† by the respondents. This was further associated with being beneficial for hair and connected to selfesteem by the respondents. d) An attractive bottle was associated with quality by the respondents. e) Out of the values iden tified, self –esteem was considered the most important by the respondents. Conclusion from laddering- Thus, laddering has helped to understand in-depth underlying motivators Table of Contents Executive summary History of the brand evolution over time Instruments of data collection Presentation of findings History and evolution of Sunsilk over time Sunsilk is one of the worlds most popular hair care brands and is currently marketed in more than 50 countries in Asia, Latin America, the Middle East and North Africa. Sunsilk was launched in India in 1964 with huge fanfare emulating the launch of the brand in Europe a decade earlier. Over the decades it has been revamped constantly keeping it contemporary with the changing times and consumer preferences. As early as 1960, the brand introduced a tonic shampoo especially for dandruff. This made it the first such product for dandruff cure in India. The 2-in-1 shampoo with an in-built conditioner and the Black shine shampoo for long hair were among the key products sold in the1980s. Specialised variants like Sunsilk Purple with ceramides for damaged hair were introduced in the early 1990s. A sub-brand, Sunsilk Salon treatment for expert hair care was also introduced about the same time. Research conducted in the early 1990s indicated that most women across the country still hesitated to shampoo their hair frequently for fear that this might damage their hair. To correct this popular misconception became the new mission. The user was assured that hair becomes stronger and more beautiful with every wash. A range of shampoos to meet specific hair needs and problems were introduced. These included Sunsilk Black Shampoo (with melanin from plant extracts), Sunsilk Pink Shampoo (with essential oils from flower extracts) and Sunsilk Fruitamins (vitamins from fruit extracts). The launch of Sunsilk Naturals in October 2003 follows extensive RD to make the variants highly customised. The brand now uses popular and trusted natural ingredients to deliver relevant and tangible consumer benefits. Customisation has been the core of the product strategy for Sunsilk. Sunsilk was the first brand in India to introduce a Curl Control shampoo to impart manageability to curly, wavy, flyaway hair problems. The brand has constantly evolved, innovated and changed with the times. Sunsilk as a brand has metamorphosed from being a plain hair beauty brand into a customised hair care brand. The concept of brand ambassadors originated with the panel of Sunsilk Hair Experts. Many leading hair experts have endorsed the brand: Naina Balsaver in the 1980s, Coleen Khan in the 1990s and the atest team of experts, Samantha Kochhar and Jawed Habib. What separates the Sunsilk panel from any other is the fact that the panel of experts do not merely endorse the brand, they also share the Sunsilk experience with consumers and interact with them and help seek solutions to their problems. Sunsilk communication has been true to its values. The brand demonstrates a perceptive and sympathetic understanding of women, how she feels when she is faced with hair problems and how elated she feels at the end of the conflict. The communication idea has always been to capture the emotional drama in a girls life that results out of a particular hair problem Sunsilk sponsored Femina Miss India 2003. On July 17, 2006, Sunsilk launched Gang of Girls (GoG), an online social networking website. GoG was open only to girls and had various features including blogs, expert advice on hair care and fashion. Sunsilk attempts to represent the woman of today, one who is erudite, spirited and in with the times. While Sunsilk is rooted in nature, it is a young and modern brand which connects with the woman of today and her aspirations and dreams. Instruments of data collection 1. BRAND ASSET VALUATOR MODEL To diagnose a brands health, four primary dimensions and their relationships are examined. These dimensions are: a) Differentiation- measures the degree to which a brand is seen as different from others. The brands perceived distinctiveness is the heart of the brand, its core force. It sets the brand apart from competitors, allows the brand to command premium prices, and serves as the leading indicator of both brand vitality and brand decline. b) Relevance- measures the brand’s appeal. It is heavily correlated with household penetration; reflecting product, pricing, promotion, packaging, and placement. c) Esteem- measures how well the brand is regarded and respected. It reflects its popularity and perceptions of its quality. d) Knowledge- measures how familiar and intimate consumers are with the brands. It is the result of successful relevant differentiation and the achievement of high esteem. Brand differentiation and relevance combine to determine â€Å"brand strength†. These two pillars point to the brand’s future value, rather than just reflecting its past. Esteem and knowledge together create â€Å"brand stature†, which is a barometer of its past performance. Model used Instrument of data collection Sample size Brand asset valuator model Questionnaire 25 respondents In the questionnaire, Sunsilk’s competitors are Clinic plus, Pantene, Garnier, and Fiama di wills. QUESTIONNAIRE 1. How much do you care about your choice between different brands of shampoos? a) Care b) Somewhat care c) Don’t care 2. Name five brands that come to your mind when you think of shampoos that give â€Å"Soft, thick, strong and shiny hair†. ) ____________________ b) ____________________ c) ____________________ d) ____________________ e) ____________________ 3. Identify the shampoo brands from the taglines mentioned below: Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 Nature and Science Hair looks thicker as it grows longer Grow longer, stronger hair Hair that flows with health For Hair that shines with all it strength Taglines Brands 4. Rank the following samp les in order of preference of the product design (where 1 being most preferred and 5 is least preferred). Refer to sample graphics below. Sample A B C D E Rank 5. Identify the brands from the respective product design. Refer to sample graphics above. Sample A B C D E Brand 6. Identify the shampoo brands from their advertisements: Sl. No. A B C D E Advertisements Video clip 1 Video clip 2 Video clip 3 Video clip 4 Video clip 5 Brands 7. From the samples displayed, indicate the shampoo brands that come to your mind on inhaling the fragrances. Samples A B C D E Brands 8. Which brands would you like to be most associated with (in order of preference) and why? Ranking scale: 1-5 (1 being the most preferred and 5 the least) Brands Sunsilk Clinic Plus Garnier Pantene Fiama Di Wills Rank . For each of the following shampoo brand, please tell me , if you feel there is another brand, quite similar in offerings Brands Sunsilk Clinic Plus Garnier Pantene Fiama Di Wills Yes/ No 10. What prominent feature (for each brand) comes to your mind when you think of the following brands? Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 Brands Pantene Clinic Plus Garnier Sunsilk Fiama Di Wills Prominent feature/ USP 11. For each of the following chara cteristics, please tick the brand that it applies to. (Multiple responses can be given) Clinic Plus Sunsilk Pantene Garnier Fiama Characteristics ?The Establishment in the 1960's EssayThe results of the survey are- The table indicates points. Brand Esteem Questions Associate Promise Trust Sub Total Percentile Clinic Plus 57 3 1 61 20 Pantene 83 4 1 88 80 Fiama 50 4 1 55 40 Garnie r 95 6 3 104 100 Sunsilk 75 3 3 81 60 Survey shows that Garnier is highest on esteem. Sunsilk is not very high on esteem. The reason for this could be that Sunsilk is perceived as a mass market brand. People view Sunsilk as a popular hair care brand and a brand which is relatively reasonable. But the shampoo market has witnessed entry of many new premium brands. Sunsilk is a popular, widely used product, but not a product which would be completely trusted. It is seen more as a mass product and lesser as a premium product. Shampoos like garnier are seen more as a premium product. Brand Stature Esteem and knowledge together create brand stature, which is a report card on past performance. Thus, it can be seen that Sunsilk is high on knowledge, but not very high on esteem. Differentiation For measuring differentiation of Sunsilk, the following questions were asked. Respondents were asked to identify the shampoo brands from the taglines mentioned. This has been taken as differentiation, because, if a consumer can identify the tagline of a particular shampoo, then it means that this particular brand is differentiated in the consumer’s mind. In this, the shampoo being identified the maximum number of times would get the highest marks and the remaining would follow accordingly. The next question was on fragrance. Fragrance is an important characteristic of a shampoo. If the respondent can identify the fragrance of a particular brand, then, the brand is differentiated in the mind of the consumer. Another question was where the respondent, had to identify, if for a particular shampoo brand, there is another brand quite similar in offerings. The brand, for which maximum number of respondents felt there are not many similar offerings, would get maximum points. In the last question on differentiation, we laid down the various characteristics of shampoos. The characteristics listed were – easy rinsing, after use effect, pleasant fragrance, no damage to hair and minimal skin/eye irritation. These are characteristics of shampoos which are very important for consumers. It is these characteristics which set one shampoo different from another . The brand, which had the highest number of these characteristics would score the maximum marks. The results of the survey are- The figure indicates points. Questions Tagline Fragrance Unique Characteristics ( rinsing, etc) Sub Total Percentile Brand Differentiation Clinic Plus Pantene Fiama 5 5 5 25 14 10 8 11 11 40 50 44 78 40 80 60 70 20 Garnier 7 18 14 63 102 100 Sunsilk 4 18 6 70 98 80 Garnier is highest on differentiation Sunsilk is second on differentiation, with an 80 percentile. There are many reasons for Sunsilk to enjoy differentiation. Sunsilk Gang of Girls (GoG) is an online social networking website. The GoG initiative had generated immense interest among the target audience, media and analysts. In November 2006, it was reported that the site had generated 200 million hits and got on an average 12 million to 13 million page views per month. By March 2007, the number of registered members had crossed the half million mark, with about 30,000 gangs. In our survey, we asked few questions on the gang of girls. The results are as follows- The figures indicate the number of respondents. Multiple responses were allowed. From the above graph, it can be seen that 18 respondents felt that Sunsilk gang of girls is unique, 17 felt that it gave a digital cool to the brand, 14 found it to be informative and 8 found Sunsilk gang of girls as a source of fun. Thus, respondents have shown positive response towards Sunsilk gang of girls. Thus the gang of girls would have helped Sunsilk to differentiate from other brands. Another area where Sunsilk has managed to differentiate has been as a hair care expert. Sunsilk has brought the concept of the Sunsilk Hair Expert, a professional trained in the art of hair care and styling, to which one could turn to with any hair care problem or issue. Customers are offered free hair care and styling consultations by Sunsilk hair experts Jawed Habib and Samantha Kochhar. The respondents were asked questions on Sunsilk’s initiatives as a hair care brand. The responses have been as follows. The figures indicate the number of respondents and multiple responses were allowed. The above graph indicates that 13 respondents feel that Sunsilk employs many hair care experts, 10 feel that Sunsilk regularly conducts hair tests and 14 feel that Sunsilk provides tailor made solutions. Thus, Sunsilk has high differentiation. Its various initiatives have helped it to be seen different from competitors. The survey even tried to understand how the respondents perceive the price of different brands. Price is an important differentiator; therefore, it is important to see how consumers perceive the various prices. Characteristics Unaffordable Expensive but affordable Value for money Inexpensive Sunsilk -1 18 4 Pantene 2 8 5 Garnie r 5 14 3 Fiama 5 10 3 1 Clinic Plus 12 14 The majority of respondents feel Sunsilk is a value for money. Relevance For measuring relevance of Sunsilk, the following questions were asked: The respondents were shown five bottles of shampoos with the names removed. The respondents were asked to rank the samples in order of preference of the product design. Design of a bottle is important for the consumer. The product design, being ranked one would get the maximum points. The next question was where the respondents had to name brands they would like to be associated with. If a consumer would want to be associated with a brand, then the brand would be relevant for the consumer. In the last question on relevance, the respondents were asked a series of questions on why would they purchase a shampoo. The following were askedSunsilk Fiama Clinic Plus Garnier Pantene Characteristics The brand has high quality (for e. g. it’s a complete hair nourisher) The brand is appropriate for my hair and satisfies my needs more than the others The brand is innovative The brand has many variants The brand is enriched with active natural ingredients Multiple responses were allowed. The results of the survey are- Brand Relevance Questions Ad Associate Purchase Sub Total Percentile Clinic Plus 41 57 27 125 20 Pantene 85 83 33 201 60 Fiama 76 50 27 153 40 Garnie r 70 95 67 232 80 Sunsilk 80 75 63 218 100 It is seen that Sunsilk brand is highest on relevance. This could be on account of various reasons. Sunsilk is a popular brand, a Unilever product, used since many decades. It is a quality product at affordable price. Moreover, it has wide variety of variants to cater to different consumer preferences. The product is relevant among wide masses because of its quality, affordability and constant innovation. Brand Strength Differentiation and relevance combine to determine brand strength. They point to the brand’s future value Thus, it can be seen that Sunsilk has highest brand relevance and the second highest brand differentiation. Thus the brand has strong growth potential. Bringing the four together- D, R, E, K Brand Asset Valuator Model Thus, in conclusion it can be said that Sunsilk has growth potential. When we see Sunsilk’s brand stature, it is second highest in knowledge, but not high on esteem. There has been entry of many premium brands in the shampoo industry. To fight premium brands, Sunsilk innovated, tried to move up the value chain. They increased prices by 10%, expanded range of hair care products. Their efforts have been to be make Sunsilk a mid premium brand, otherwise, they would lose out the huge growth of aspirational customers across India. However, the survey shows that Sunsilk is still perceived as a mass brand. Brands like Garnier have higher esteem. Brands like Garnier occupy a premium image in the consumer’s mind. Therefore, there is more regard for Garnier. People are familiar with Sunsilk, but it is more of a mass brand and not a brand which is held in very high regard. When we see Sunsilk’s brand strength, it is second highest in differentiation and highest in relevance. Thus the brand has high growth potential. 2. Presentation of findings and conclusion for laddering method There were 7 attributes, 8 consequences and 5 values that were identified from the depth interviews. These are: Attributes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Branded (premium product) Expensive Light liquid colour (Transparency) Slick packaging Fragrance Larger size Brand ambassador Consequences Quality (superior product) Accessory/ Sophistication Fewer side effects/ manageable hair Natural ingredients/ chemical free Presentable, positive outlook Non-oily, bouncy, light hair Hygiene, no dandruff or itchy scalp More quantity Values Self-esteem Belonging Status symbol Accomplishment Sense of achievement Family 1. Most respondents stated that out of the listed attributes, the label or brand of the shampoo was important. This was because they associated a premium brand with superior quality and indicated it as being crucial as a status symbol. 2. The monetary value of a shampoo was also considered important as this was again associated with quality. 3. A light colored liquid shampoo was preferred as lighter shade liquids are considered chemical free and â€Å"pure† by the respondents. This was further associated with being beneficial for hair and connected to self-esteem by the respondents. 4. An attractive bottle was associated with quality by the respondents. 5. Respondents stated that fragrance was important for a shampoo as soothing fragrance was associated with feeling lively and confident. Also, a soothing fragrance was associated with a cooling effect. 6. A few respondents stated that a larger size bottle was convenient as shampoo was used regularly. Besides, it was economical and could be used by the whole family. 7. Lastly, a brand ambassador was of significance to the respondents. Many considered a shampoo to be of high quality and sophisticated if a well know celebrity was associated with the product. Also, the shampoo was then treated as an accessory and added to the esteem of the person. - Bibliography www. sunsilk. com www. sunsilkgangofgirls. com www. icmrindia. org youtube. com www. lifecantwait. com www. moneycontrol. com www. hindubusinessline. com www. domain-b. com

What Factors Affect Am and Fm Radio Reception Essay Example

What Factors Affect Am and Fm Radio Reception Essay What Factors Affect AM And FM Radio Reception? Background Information Communications are carried by waves. One type of communication is AM and FM radio. AM and FM radio’s use radio waves. A radio wave is an electromagnetic wave propagated by an antenna at various frequencies. In AM (amplitude modulated) radio waves, the audio signal changes the amplitude of the carrier wave. In FM (frequency modulated) radio waves, the audio signal changes the frequency of the carrier wave. Australia’s broadcast bandwidth for AM radio is 500-1500 KHz and for FM radio it is 80-108 MHz.AM radio waves can be affected by electrical interference (such as household appliances) and devices oscillating in the same frequency band. FM radio waves aren’t subject to electrical interference but are affected by devices oscillating in the same frequency band. Aim To test if a TV; a microwave oven in use; a mobile phone making a phone call; a TV remote control; water surrounding the aerial; a t hin-metal box; an incandescent light bulb; a fluorescent light bulb – causes interference with AM and FM radio reception. HypothesisI think that a TV will affect AM reception, but not FM reception, because TV’s will give off electrical pulses which will interfere with AM radio, but not FM. I think that a microwave oven being used next to a radio will affect AM and FM radio reception, because microwave ovens are believed to give off a little amount of radiation, which would probably interfere with the AM and FM reception. I think that a mobile phone making a call will affect both AM and FM radio reception, because when a mobile makes a call it is sending out radio signals. This should interfere with AM and FM radio.I don’t think a remote control will interfere with AM reception because it wouldn’t cause much electrical interference, but I think it will interfere with FM reception because remote controls use similar frequencies to FM radio stations. I donâ €™t think water surrounding the radio antenna will affect the reception of AM and FM radio because water isn’t dense enough to block out the signal. I think a thin-metal box will affect AM reception if the radio is inside it because the signal is blocked out by the metal, but I don’t think it will affect the FM reception because the signal is strong enough to ake it through the thin-metal. I don’t think an incandescent light bulb and a fluorescent light bulb will affect the reception of AM and FM radio because I don’t think it gives out and any frequencies that would interfere. Method TV test I tuned the portable radio into the FM radio station 98. 1 MHz I recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 (1 being poor, 10 being good) I placed the radio in front of the TV screen and turned the TV on I recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 I repeated steps 1-4 three times for reliable resultsI repeated steps 1-5 but tuned into the AM radio station 1431 KHz Microwave Oven test I tuned the portable radio into the FM radio station 98. 1 MHz I recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 (1 being poor, 10 being good) I placed the radio in front of the microwave oven and turned on the microwave I recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 I repeated steps 1-4 three times for reliable results I repeated steps 1-5 but tuned into the AM radio station 1431 KHz Mobile Phone Call test I tuned the portable radio into the FM radio station 98. MHz I recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 (1 being poor, 10 being good) I placed the radio next to the mobile phone and made a call I recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 I repeated steps 1-4 three times for reliable results I repeated steps 1-5 but tuned into the AM radio station 1431 KHz TV Remote Control test I tuned the portable radio int o the FM radio station 98. 1 MHz I recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 (1 being poor, 10 being good) I brought the TV remote control next to the radio antennaI recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 I repeated steps 1-4 three times for reliable results I repeated steps 1-5 but tuned into the AM radio station 1431 KHz Water test I tuned the portable radio into the FM radio station 98. 1 MHz I recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 (1 being poor, 10 being good) I submerged the radio antenna completely under water inside a glass I recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 I repeated steps 1-4 three times for reliable resultsI repeated steps 1-5 but tuned into the AM radio station 1431 KHz Metal Box test I tuned the portable radio into the FM radio station 98. 1 MHz I recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 (1 being poor, 10 being good) I p laced the radio inside the metal box and closed the lid I recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 I repeated steps 1-4 three times for reliable results I repeated steps 1-5 but tuned into the AM radio station 1431 KHz Incandescent Light Bulb testI tuned the portable radio into the FM radio station 98. 1 MHz I recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 (1 being poor, 10 being good) I placed the radio right next to the light bulb I recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 I repeated steps 1-4 three times for reliable results I repeated steps 1-5 but tuned into the AM radio station 1431 KHz Fluorescent Light Bulb test I tuned the portable radio into the FM radio station 98. 1 MHz I recorded how ood the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 (1 being poor, 10 being good) I placed the radio right next to the light bulb I recorded how good the quality of the reception is on a scale of 1-10 I repeate d steps 1-4 three times for reliable results I repeated steps 1-5 but tuned into the AM radio station 1431 KHz *FOR ALL THE TESTS I USED THE SAME RADIO AND I TUNED INTO THE SAME AM AND FM RADIO STATIONS Results FM Radio Reception results Factors Tested Test 1 Reception Before Test In scale 1-10 Test1 Reception During TestIn scale 1-10 Repeat 1 Reception Before test In scale 1-10 Repeat 1 Reception During Test In scale 1-10 Repeat 2 Reception Before test In scale 1-10 Repeat 2 Reception During Test In scale 1-10 Repeat 3 Reception Before test In scale 1-10 Repeat 3 Reception During Test In scale 1-10 TV 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Microwave Oven 8 2 8 1 8 1 8 1 Mobile Phone Call 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 TV Remote Control 8 1 8 2 8 1 8 1 Water 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 Metal Box 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 Incandescent Light Bulb 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 Fluorescent Blub 8 0* 8 0* 8 0* 8 0*AM Radio Reception results Factors Tested Test 1 Reception Before Test In scale 1-10 Test1 Reception During Test In scale 1-10 Repeat 1 Reception Be fore test In scale 1-10 Repeat 1 Reception During Test In scale 1-10 Repeat 2 Reception Before test In scale 1-10 Repeat 2 Reception During Test In scale 1-10 Repeat 3 Reception Before test In scale 1-10 Repeat 3 Reception During Test In scale 1-10 TV 9 1 9 1 9 1 9 1 Microwave Oven 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 Mobile Phone Call 9 4 9 5 9 4 9 5 TV Remote Control 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 Water 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 Metal Box 0* 9 0* 9 0* 9 0* Incandescent Light Bulb 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 Fluorescent Blub 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 0* no reception at all, not even a sound Analysis of results From looking at the results of this experiment, you can see the relationship between the factors (TV, microwave oven, mobile phone call etc) and how it affects the reception the radio gets. With the FM reception results you can see that the microwave oven, the mobile phone call, the TV remote control and the fluorescent light bulb affects the FM radio reception by degrading it heavily.You can also see that the TV, the water, the thin-metal bo x and the incandescent light bulb does not affect the FM radio reception at all. With the AM reception results you can see that the TV, the microwave oven, the mobile phone call, the thin-metal box and the fluorescent bulb affects the AM radio reception by degrading it pretty heavily. You can also see that the incandescent bulb degrades the reception of AM radio slightly and that the TV remote control and the water has no affect on the reception of AM radio at all.Conclusion As you can see from the results, FM radio reception can be affected by a microwave oven being used next to the radio, a mobile phone call being made next to the radio, a TV remote control being held next to the radio and the radio being held next to a fluorescent bulb. Because FM radio is frequency modulated and the audio signal changes the frequency of the wave, these factors will affect FM radio reception because they are all devices that oscillate frequencies that interfere with the FM bandwidth.You can also see from the results that AM radio reception can be affected by a TV being on next to the radio, a microwave oven being used next to the radio, a mobile phone call being made next to the radio, the radio being held next to a fluorescent and incandescent bulb and when you put the radio inside a thin-metal box. Because AM radio is amplitude modulated and the audio signal changes the amplitude of the wave, these factors will affect AM radio reception because they either electrically interfere with the AM reception, they block out the AM signal or they oscillate at a frequency hat interferes with the AM bandwidth. Therefore my earlier hypothesis was mostly right except that incandescent and fluorescent light bulbs DO affect AM reception and fluorescent light bulbs DO affect FM reception. Errors/Improvements My experiment could be improved if I had access to a device that digitally reads how good the radio reception is, so it is not me judging how good the reception is because you will n ot get 100% accurate results because humans aren’t computers and they make mistakes.My experiment could be improved if I carried it out in an empty room so there would be no chance of other things interfering. One error that I made was that I only used one type of TV remote control, because different types of remote controls use different frequencies. Another error I made was by only submerging the antenna in a glass of water that isn’t that deep, if you took the radio to the bottom of a swimming pool or deep in the ocean you could get different results.Bibliography School Physics Textbook www. howstuffworks. com www. cybercollege. com www. geocities. com

contraversial essay Essays - Poliomyelitis, RTT, Vaccination

In ?Animal Research Saves Human Lives? Heloisa Sabin uses logos to argue that animal testing saves lives. In Sabin?s article, she stated the example of her husband using polio vaccine as her persuasion as he was one that benefited a lot from the outcome of animal testing. Her husband, Albert Sabin, inventor of oral polio vaccine, told a reporter before his death in 1993, ?There could have been no oral polio vaccine without the use of innumerable animals, a very large number of animals.? Sabin shows that polio has been eradicated in Western Hemisphere in about forty years after the polio vaccine was introduced to United State. She truly believes that the polio vaccine saves the world from the fear of the polio, therefore she repeatedly reference to reality to help her in persuading readers that animal testing is in fact an advantage. Since she shows that the information she pointed out was from the reality, not just something she made up, this makes readers easier to believe in her po int of view. In her essay ?A Question of Ethics,? Jane Goodall, uses pathos to argue that her readers have an ethical obligation to protect animals from suffering, but she also implies that it might be necessary sometimes to abandon that obligation. She points out that animals share similar traits with human beings: they have a capacity for certain human emotions, and they may be capable of legitimate friendship. Goodall?s evidence for this claim is an anecdote from her research. She recounts that one chimpanzee in her study, named David Greybeard, ?gently squeezed her hand? when she offered him food. Appealing to readers? emotions, Goodall hopes to persuade readers that the chimp is ?sociable? and ?sentient,? or feeling. According to Goodall?s logic, if researchers are careful to avoid tests that cause human suffering, they should also be careful to avoid tests that cause suffering for other life forms. By contrast, Goodall?s criterion of ?essential? testing leave open the possibility that as long as alternatives are unavailable or ineffective and as long as researchers do not differentiate among degrees of human suffering, mindless animal testing would be acceptable. Her assumption suggests that David Greybeard could suffer, for example, because inadequate computer simulations have prevented researchers from finding a cure for the common head ache or for mildly unpleasant pollen allergies. To make a more persuasive case, Goodall should define essential and nonessential human needs.

The eNotes Blog Get Caught Reading ReclaimingConversation

Get Caught Reading ReclaimingConversation Not long ago, I read a fabulously informative book called Reclaiming Conversation: The Power of Talk in a Digital Age by Sherry Turkle. Turkle’s work challenges the notion that â€Å"the more connected we are, the better off we are† by examining how technology and social websites have affected our conversations. Twitter and Facebook may appear to better connect us, but Turkle reveals what we lose when we primarily communicate across screens. Building off of the â€Å"three chairs† idea from Henry David Thoreau’s Walden, Reclaiming Conversation is a rewarding read full of thought-provoking ideas that advance her panacea for the modern world: â€Å"Conversation cures.† Let’s look at a few of the highlights. One Chair for Solitude For those of you unfamiliar with Thoreau’s Walden, the â€Å"three chairs† idea is simple. Thoreau had only three chairs in his cabin at Walden Pond. The single chair represents solitude, a time for Thoreau to be comfortably alone and have the opportunity for self-reflection. Turkle builds on this idea, stating that solitude allows us time for self-discovery: In solitude we find ourselves; we prepare ourselves to come to conversation with something to say that is authentic, ours. However, Turkle makes it clear that recent research has shown that people are uncomfortable if left alone with their thoughts, even for a few minutes. Being â€Å"bored† has suddenly become something that can cause panic and fear. This is why devices and social media have thrived: we never have to be alone with our thoughts. And here is the problem that Turkle presents: if we’re afraid of being alone, â€Å"we struggle to pay attention to ourselves.†Ã‚   Turkle starts with this â€Å"first chair† because it is the most personal level. A flight from self-reflection is a flight from conversation, and vice versa. This section helped me ask myself some rather tough questions: When was the last time I allowed myself to be bored? How much time do I make for my own thoughts? If I have trouble paying attention to myself, will I be able to pay attention to others? Two Chairs for Friendship The two chairs for friendship represent the intimacy and empathy that develop from conversation. Turkle acknowledges the complaints from younger generations on how face-to-face conversations with â€Å"real† people are stressful: â€Å"Real people, with their unpredictable ways, can seem difficult to contend with after one has spent a stretch in simulation.† Seeing the stress that can come from an unscripted conversation, many people seek the safety of the friction-free, programmable worlds of the internet, where you can take the time to edit what you say and present your â€Å"best self.† What many forget, and what many forget to teach, Turkle claims, is the true power that face-to-face conversation has: Face-to-face conversation is the most human- and humanizing- thing we do. When we speak to one another face to face and in real time, we allow ourselves to be vulnerable, to share, and to learn. This is our primary vehicle for understanding one another, for developing empathy. The research Turkle presents supports what literature and philosophy have preached for a long time: empathy requires face-to-face conversation; it requires eye contact. When we have conversations with our nearest and dearest, we give ourselves an opportunity to experience what George Eliot called â€Å"the meeting eyes of love.† Reading this section, I found myself thinking about my own conversations with my friends and family: When was the last time I had a really good conversation? Why was it good? What did I learn? How did I grow? What conversations did I have when I was younger than helped me develop into the person I am today? What steps do I take in my own life to pursue meaningful conversations? To develop empathy? Three Chairs for Society This section of the book focuses on the importance of community and group discussion but also spends a lot of time pointing out all the research against multitasking. If you’re like me, you’ve probably thought that being able to multitask is not only desirable but also mandatory in today’s workforce. Well, it turns out that multitasking is a myth: we don’t multitask, we split-task. Doing multiple things at the same time further divides our attention: Multitasking will not bring greater value. You will feel you are achieving more and more as you accomplish less and less. When we feel this way, we sacrifice face-to-face conversations, meetings, and other forms of communication that seem less productive. Turkle presents several studies of how face-to-face conversations in school and the workplace help forge stronger connections between peers and promote a more efficient, prosperous environment. She says that it’s up to management and leaders to help create this culture and anticipates the following questions that challenge the benefits of face-to-face meetings over email and screen conversations. This section of the book encouraged me to ask myself the following: (How) Does my work promote a healthy culture of communication? How can I help? How does conversation with my colleagues help me do my job better? How does workplace conversation create a sense of community? Of purpose? Conversation Cures Having thoroughly enjoyed this book, I know I’ll be revisiting it frequently in the future for reminders and inspiration. Turkle’s research can prove a little disheartening at times, but she consistently- and optimistically- reminds us that â€Å"conversation cures.† Thoreau went to the woods â€Å"to live deliberately,† and I believe that living with intention will help us face the challenges of today’s world. We have the power to connect deeply with each other and ourselves by embracing solitude, developing empathy, and promoting community.

Discussion board Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Discussion board - Assignment Example Women should be allowed to exercise equal rights and societal privileges as men in all spheres of life. They should also be enlightened to use their numbers to end gender discrimination. Title IX is a federal law in the United States of America that prohibits gender or sex discrimination in education and learning institutions. The law lies under the umbrella of the Educational Amendments Act of 1972. According to this law, no person in the US should be excluded from active participation, denied the benefits or discriminated on the basis of sex in any educational program or activity receiving federal assistance. The law forbids denial of university services such as financial assistance, admissions, counseling and academic advice plus housing among others to individuals on the basis of sex. According to Simon (2005), the department of education has been mandated by law to oversee the implementation and enforcement of this provision. The court handles complaints from the students who suffer discrimination and offers disciplinary actions against the offending institution. The department is also in a position to conduct assessments of compliance in an educational institu tion with the aim of enforcing the law even when no complaint has been raised. Although the establishment was well intended, some intended consequences arose. First, there was a shift of discrimination and inequality from the favor of men as was before to disfavor of the men. Secondly, the amount of funds being used to expand the women’s collegiate sports is far more than that being used on men. This is not right and does not amount to equality. Thirdly, the provision that athletes per gender in an institution be proportional to the students per gender does not take into account the aspect of free participation and revenue generation. Therefore, the unintended consequence is that the law discriminates against men as it tries to reduce

The new pearl harbor revisited Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The new pearl harbor revisited - Essay Example Zubaydah had mentioned that some members of the Saudi royal family was in support of al-Qaeda and had been informed in advance that there would be terrorist attacks in America on September 11,2001. Besides Posner’s honesty being in doubt thanks to his past works his information was important in preparing the American public on future attacks by Saudi Arabia in efforts to gain control of the richest oil reserves in the world. (Griffin 142) Zubaydah was one of the main characters in the Commissions report but even then not even once did the commission mention that three members of the Saudi royal family had known about the attacks of 9/11 including Prince Ahmed. One of the commission’s duties was to cover up any links between Saudi Arabia and the attack of 9/11 and therefore would not mention Posner’s account of Zubaydah’s testimony, for the same reason the CIA destroyed tapes involving Zubaydah’s interrogation(Griffin 150). Later Abu Zubaydah’ s testimony was in doubt with Risen wondering whether his recitation of telephone numbers had been well rehearsed earlier on so as to be employed incase he is captured and create discord between the Saudi royal family, which Osama hated, and America. ... The CIA however viewed him as a central member of the al-Qaeda with important information to give, a view that was publicly supported by President Bush (Griffin 158). Posner’s account was in agreement with the FBI’s view that Zubaydah produced most information on traditional interrogation and the CIA’s view that he was a central person in Al-Qaeda. In both cases Zubaydah gave the names of Jose’ Padilla and Khalid Mohammed but no Saudi officials were mentioned. With the information publicly available it becomes impossible to determine whether the testimony by Zubaydah as presented by the Posner account was true. This could however could have been possible if there was a thorough investigation which unfortunately the 9/11 commission did not give (Griffin 160) . On the issue of al-Qaeda funding, Zubaydah had mentioned that the terrorists got funds from the Saudis. The commission however, did not even mention this reported claim in their report but instead den ied even having found any evidence of funding from the Saudi government and the senior Saudi official’s .Later a Los Angeles Times story presented the information to have been politically instigated. The author of the story, Josh Meyer, had interviewed several senior members of the 9/11 commission. The commission had uncovered that the Saudi Arabian government funded the terrorist group and even provided equipment even maybe directly to Osama. With the commission being bipartisan had wondered how to present this information in its report .They finally decided to deny getting any information on the funding (Griffin169) The 9/11 commission had sent a memo to the FBI headquarters through Ken Williams to which they did not respond. The commission decided to down play this by simply

Introduction to business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Introduction to business - Essay Example In fact, any negative or positive outcome affects them directly. In this business, there is a change after change of ownership. This is seen as the company opens new groceries and bakery stores. The company has also excelled in public relation and marketing. Moreover, the company has managed to incorporate corporate social responsibility in its system. When one works in King Arthur flour, there are a number of benefits. The first crucial benefit is gaining ownership of the company. The company is 100 percent owned by the employees. This means that the employee controls their fate in the company. Moreover, employees have a stake in the flour. Additionally, employees are viewed as precious members of the group. Employees are also offered training and development opportunities. This means that they continuously gains skills in the company. Such benefits include training on baking or cooking workshops. They are also given free products and store discounts. In conclusion, King Arthur Flour is a great place to work. This is because of employee benefit and its involvement in social responsibility. This has in fact agitated my urge to work in such a

Case Study: Psychopathic Genes

Case Study: Psychopathic Genes Many people are afraid of the concept of death and what happens after life. But, many arent aware of the people that take life from others. Killers roam our streets but, arent easy to spot. They blend in with our looks and sometimes personalities. It is only possible to tell by their actions, for example when they have committed a gruesome crime. Little is known about psychopaths, many assume they are inspired, pressured or forced into doing what they do. Many of the killers have hard time in their life, as do normal people, but their problems accumulate, which add up to their emotions and do the unthinkable as we refer it to. As in the case of Marybeth Tinning who murder her 4-month daughter with a pillow mentions after the deaths of my other children I just lost it. However, there has been study and theories to show that psychopathic traits can be found in genes. Daniel M. Blonigen and his crew took 626 pairs of 17-year-old male and female twins from the community. And resulted wi th this Psychopathic traits were indexed using scores on the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire. Symptoms of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology were obtained via structured clinical interviews. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate genetic and environmental influences on psychopathic personality traits as well as the degree of genetic overlap between these traits and composites of internalizing and externalizing. The Twin analysis revealed significant genetic influence on distinct psychopathic traits (Fearless Dominance and Impulsive Antisociality). Moreover, Fearless Dominance was associated with reduced genetic risk for internalizing psychopathology, and Impulsive Antisociality was associated with increased genetic risk for externalizing psychopathology. So, studies have been done to show that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in a variety of behaviors in humans. What is a psychopath? Many people dont know much about psychopaths or what it is. They know them by the way the media portraits them to be. O. Lilienfeld says that there are three big myths that are untrue; one is that all psychopaths are violent. Researched by psychologists such as Randall T. Salekin, indicates that psychopathy is a risk factor for future physical and sexual violence. Second, all psychopaths are psychotic. In contrast to people with psychotic disorders à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦psychopaths are almost always rational. They are well aware that their ill-advised or illegal actions are wrong in the eyes of society but shrug off these concerns with startling nonchalance. Third psychopathy is untreatable. Although psychopaths are often unmotivated to seek treatment, research by psychologist Jennifer Skeem of the University of California, Irvine, and her colleagues suggests that psychopaths may benefit à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦from psychological treatment. The real term for psychopath is Antis ocial Personality Disorder, psychopathy and sociopathy are generally considered subsets of ASPD, it was given by American Psychiatric Association, its the term used for a personality disorder characterized by an abnormal lack of empathy combined with strongly amoral conduct but masked by an ability to appear outwardly normal. The main characteristics of a psychopath are the lack of sympathy / remorse for others, even including love ones. Other characteristic features: superficial charm, self-centered self-important, need for stimulation prone to boredom, deceptive behavior lying, conning manipulative, little guilt, cruelty to animals, callous with a lack of empathy, living off others or predatory attitude,   poor self-control, promiscuous sexual behavior, early behavioral problems, disregard for safety, impulsive lifestyle, irresponsible behavior, blaming others for their actions, short term relationships, juvenile delinquency, breaking parole or probation, and variety of    criminal activity. There are two types of psychopath that are easily distinguished. The two types of psychopath are Fearless Dominance and Impulsive Antisociality. Beth Terrel quoted Professor Dr. Stephen Benning from Vanderbilt University. The two seem to be different in their own ways but are still psychopaths. The fearless dominance is often a paradoxical mix of charm and nastiness, cool and calm under pressure, the FD type is not easily rattled. They lack the same kind of anticipatory anxiety that most people have so, instead of thinking they do it. Fearless Dominance is associated with a number of things our society considers desirable or good: high verbal I.Q., high performance, and economic success. The FD type is often charming and socially influential. He or she relishes directing other peoples activities and basking in their admiration. The FD type is sexually adventurous and often takes risks. Its not that they cant feel fear or anxiety; its just that it takes a much more extreme situation to elicit those emotions. FD types live for the thrill, the excite ment, the adrenaline rush. The Impulsive Antisociality type is an aggressive, unorganized, and a suspicious person. An IA types doesnt generally make plans, and they dont think societys rules are worth following. They often abuse drugs, and like the FD type they often are extremely sexually active. Its not the thrill that motivates the IA type, its the relief of boredom, alienation and because of the need to do something. They are extremely reactive and have a lot of raw, aggressive energy. Usually, they have a long history of antisocial behavior, such as brawling and vandalism. These are the two types of psychopaths. Fox reported that there are three genes that may play a strong role in determining why some young men raised in rough neighborhoods or deprived families become violent criminals. One gene called MAOA that played an especially strong role has been shown in other studies to affect antisocial behavior, said sociology professor Guang Guo, who led the study. I dont want to say it is a crime gene, but 1 percent of people have it and scored very high in violence and delinquency, Guo said in a telephone interview. The other two genes are called the dopamine transporter 1 (DAT1) gene and the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene, which are also associated with bad behavior, but only when the boys suffered some other stress, such as family issues, low popularity and failing school. Guo said These results,..link molecular genetic variants to delinquency, significantly expand our understanding of delinquent and violent behavior, and they highlight the need to simultaneously consider their social and genetic origins. Three examples of genes that have a role in psychopaths. An article Child Psychopaths, the author back fires by saying that its the parents fault, they are the ones that created a psychopath. Psychologist Lonnie Athens takes the approach that antisocial behavior results from a series of evolutionary stages. He came up with the idea that people become violent through a process that he calls violentization, which involves four stages: brutalization and subjugation, belligerency, violent coaching, and criminal activity. First, this person is a victim of violence and feels powerless to avoid it. Then he is taught how and when to become violent and to profit from it. Then he acts on that. If a person from a violent environment does not become violent, it is because some part of the process is missing. He connects a serial killers, Gary, actions were formed from violence and lack of empathy by the instability and brutalization of his family life. But, there is evidence to say that environmental influence isnt the key to a full developed psychopa th and there is still genetics that contribute to there actions. Young children can be spotted for some psychopathic symptoms. Some mental health professionals say they can recognize early markers in kids as young as toddlers for what may later develop into psychopathy. Experts also emphasize that not all children who appear to be at risk for psychopathy go on to become psychopathic adults Studies show that a significant portion of children who show psychopathic traits often referred to among researchers as callous-unemotional traits, which include not being concerned about others feelings and not feeling bad or guilty as early as the preschool years have the same traits when they are teens. And adolescence is a time when they are more likely than other kids to exhibit extreme behavior problems, aggression and delinquency. These teens with significant CU traits are then more likely to become psychopathic adults. Other studies resulted with some brain malfunctions when doing something they shouldnt be doing so, they wont feel remorse or have fear like a normal person would. Scientists interviewed hundreds of prison inmates, to learn about what makes them tic, and which parts of the brain lead them to live an emotionally disconnected and often violent life. They resulted with faulty wiring in the limbic system (the brains emotional center) and the amygdala (which generates fear) make psychopaths able to do horrendous things and feel nothing, and never fear danger or consequences. They also believe that genes contribute 50 percent of the puzzle and life experience the other 50 percent (Heatherturgeon). Meaning environmental factors still play a role. In another study done by Dombeck stated available data regarding the causes of psychopathic personality suggests that both nature and nurture are at work there as well. He interviewed prison inmates and did a Psychopathy Checklist, asked about thier history of their abuse experience, and a few other questionnaires. He resulted with this: Our findings indicate that a history of  child abuse  or neglect relates positively but weakly to global psychopathic features. Abuse is unrelated to the core affective and interpersonal traits of psychopathy but relates preferentially and moderately to the impulsive and irresponsible lifestyle or externalizing features of psychopathy. Dissociative experiences do not significantly mediate this relationship. Our findings call into question etiological models positing that early abuse and neglect shut off affective responding, thereby resulting in individuals who possess the cold and callous features of primary psychopathy. So, abuse was not found to predict psychopathy as a whole, but an abuse history did predict a certain feature of psychopathy; namely the tendency to be impulsive. So, what can be the cure for such genes or the process to prevent such horrific crimes from psychopath? Its also possible for some kids with CU traits, particularly the youngest ones who have the greatest capacity to change, to simply grow out of them. CU traits are most reliably assessed starting at age 4, but even 2 year old can exhibit signs that they are lacking early empathy, says Paul Frick, chair of the department of psychology at the University of New Orleans who studies youth behavior problems (Stenson). The Fitness First Club: Marketing communications The Fitness First Club: Marketing communications With the background information I have been given in this assignment, I have created a key objective for the Fitness First club. I will gather a report that reviews and analyses the marketing communications activities of Fitness First, and outlines recommendations for future communications activities. My aim at first place is to increase the number of members aged 10 35 by Jun 2013, I will also propose to use more personal selling to develop new accounts, this will increase the amount of trials and encourage other members to join a fitness club and be made aware of other promotions. Fitness First is one of the largest health club group in the world. It has 540 branches worldwide and having more than 1.7 million members in 21 states. Fitness First clubs campaign to encourage more people to find out what fitness regime works for them by using former spice girl as the face of the week fitness international. In the UK, it holds 160 fitness clubs with over 405,000 members (Source: Wikipedia). Here is the background information on factors that have impact on Fitness First Political In the UK and worldwide government policy has potential influence on the market, specific initiatives could benefit the industry, but theres also a broader push on the part of the government to try and promote healthy eating and exercise, possibly resulting in more people seeking gym membership. Early this year the government encouraged people to get fit ahead of the Olympic to come. Economic The economic factors such as utilities prices and wage rates will affect numerous aspects of Fitness First, the fitness costs will rise and members may need to prioritise their spending as cuts are made on their disposable income, especially in the prospect group. Not a lot of people are willing to spend much in the fitness club when they could on their own practice physical exercise at home, however price will be reviewed in order to well compete in the market and encourage subscribers to join Fitness First. Social Lifestyle factors such as growth in convenience foods and home entertainment have resulted in more muddy lifestyles; consumption levels of alcohol are rising which will effect gym participation and subscription. In todays celebrity cultures, theres lots of pressure to be looking good in the social life and have better appearance; It has influenced the way people are improving themselves to build six pact bodies to attract more females from the mens view and such are also the desire of some women encourage their men not to be obese. Technological Its important that Fitness First has up to date machines to compete with others and satisfy the needs of the members. Fitness First also uses technology to target the public in an effective way, text messages with special offers and online free trial vouchers and also create a page on the socials network (Source: Fitness First). Legal: Fitness First should examine legal requirements pursuant to the code of practice and should not use high pressure tactics to make sign a membership agreement or take unfair advantage of the lack of your understanding if you do not comprehend certain documents. Fitness First must display a sign that says about the health risks that may affect participation in fitness services. The Signs shall be clearly visible for anyone entering the fitness center. Environment: Fitness First should build in an ideal environment for the well-being of the planet and its members by seeking to reduce the environmental footprint of the equipment and invest the most on self-power cardiovascular machineries. Where the proper motion of the user produce all the energy needed to operate the machines, it will attract new customers by providing clean machines that are free of toxic substances, which is environmentally friendly material ( Source: athletics business). Task2. Marketing communications mix Like many fitness clubs devote themselves to schedule a marketing plan, research shows that promotion for health club is managed by using telephone (telemarketing) Radio (radio advertising) Biz (business membership programs) Mail (direct mail and email marketing), TV (cable advertising) News (newspaper advertising), etc (Source: fitness360). Looking at the previous campaign made by Fitness First when taping in the power of digital marketing, including display advertising and affiliate marketing. Their goal were to ensure that the skills of a professional fitness and qualifications remain relevant by increasing the number of downloads, due to the evolution of mobile advertising, Fitness First took rapid action to introduce click-to-call extensions with the current locations of users, which was essential for success and having the most competitive position in terms of mobile advertising. O2 been the selected mobile telephonic provider in the UK worked alongside with Fitness Firsts by l aunching a mobile marketing campaign for Fitness first club. The campaign was to offer five days free subscription and personal training session via SMS to O2 customers who live in specific postal codes near Fitness First clubs (Source: Mobile Marketing). The use of the site for the target consumer maximizes both efficiency and relevance of the offer. By creating this campaign in favor for Fitness First, O2 launched brand communication opt-in on O2s customers who are interested in health, wellness and sports, aged between 18 and 35 years. O2 provided a daily email with qualified leads in number of mobile customers and postal codes to call the client and make an appointment. The use of this highly targeted medium of communication helps to ensure maximum effectiveness of campaigns, which proves to be moving one of our tools to acquire the most successful to date. Fitness First has also launched an affiliate displaying ads on Facebook and campaigned display advertising targeted Adjug w ith the use of PPC (Pay Per Click) which is the most common form of internet marketing currently in use worldwide. The purpose of using PPC was to send instant traffic to any website niches most commonly used to send targeted traffic to a page using only keywords related to the product page of the advertiser or trying to sell. It is also very useful for testing long-term strategies of SEO and ensure that your targeted keywords will convert. PPC is a fast and effective way of generating revenue to almost any website. However, if done incorrectly, it devalue your site very quickly and you will lose money, some of the biggest PPCs networks are Google Adwords, Google Maps, Google advertising investments Yahoo, Microsoft AdCenter and Facebook. As a result of these actions, downloads increased significantly (Source: Latitude) The tools used by Fitness First have been tested and proven that promotion is custom designed in particular relation with demographics region, time of the season, current members and other information gathered from the clubs profile before starting of the promotion. When analyzing the marketing campaign of Fitness First thought it lead them at the extend they were expecting to be. Nevertheless, I still find some improvement needed to be done to acquire more subscriber in their fitness club, because not many people are on the O2s network also taking an account of internet marketing, was of good use in the point that technology is mostly used in this 21st century we living on but it could have been far more better to also make the use of other medium channels such as TV, Radio etc. Why so? Because everyone in the UK, living in their own house uses at least one of these tools to be informed of what is happening in the other side of the world. Task3. Marketing communication plan Knowing that digital marketing, including display advertising and affiliate marketing worked well for Fitness First, I will in this section shield the strategic day to day aspects of setting up my plan into action to enhance more the advertising portfolio of Fitness First, without pulling apart what have been done by Fitness First, where the use of my judgment and discretion on deciding how to schedule and plan activities, calculating costs and measuring progress will be outlined. Here is how I am going to illustrate my idea of marketing campaign. Every fitness and health club plans is designed base on the personal exercise and nutrition history Ill suggest to employ a pull up strategy, with most prospects aged between 10- 35 mostly targeting primary school to Higher education to offer them services that encourage students. I will also suggest targeting the affordable sector of the market with a competitive pricing. The marketing communications mix will be divided around objectives, message, and media. The objectives will aim to provide Fitness First consumers, access to sport and exercise opportunities to the top range facilities by adopting a healthy lifestyle. Fitness First will have to work with its local partners in education and people to share information, knowledge, skills and expertise, for example with schools, Higher Education an arrangement of work placements for students will be assigned and will share good practice at national competitive sporting events. My message should sound making bold statements to draw the attention of people, in belief of my commercial messages by organizing a public speaking and fitness group to bring people together to motivate each other by allowing people to be aware of what we are attend to do and reminding them of our existence. To achieve this, Ill suggest the use of current staff and get them trained and have sufficient knowledge to encouraging people to subscribe, by telling their own experiences regarding the good effect since they j oined the fitness club and how physically fit must you be. In so doing, people will understand my overall message, where the key point is to promote physical exercise, sustain encouragement and then for sure people might now develop the need to join Fitness First club.( source: sales-and-marketing-for-you). Media: when hoping to bring a new product or in my case to promote a new service, that will be ruining at Fitness First, you need to carefully consider possible ways to promote your product. However, using different mediums such as Radio, Bus, TV and social network (source: ehow), in order to increase brand awareness. The adverts will show the benefits of healthy lifestyles, giving people the idea about getting in shape. However: Population trends by socio economic group are an important influence on ability and prosperity to spend on fitness club membership. Consumers from the socio economic groups are the most likely to use health and fitness clubs regularly, most are light TV viewers so this medium is not an effective target, Radio is likely to be more effective. (Source: sales-and-marketing-for-you).The use of social media has exploded in recent years as a way to raise awareness and generate free traffic it includes sites and services such as Twitter, Facebook, MySpace, YouTube, and many others. The main advantages are that it is free to communicate and has a capability of going viral and reach a vast numbers of people without additional effort ( source: clickbank) The cost of the marketing will certainly play a big part in what I am intend to do. Bad sales and marketing is as a general announcement focused on no one in particular. In order to maximize a huge return profit, it is always good to approach the marketing plan with consideration and not devote a lot of money on a single marketing channel or campaign. I will instead try to shape up a range of successful publicity approaches over a time, I will also outline its cost, and how much money will I have to spend on advertising campaign? How long and how much each communication method will be balanced against the marketing communication budget. I will at first place, be concerned about the break-even point before developing any sales and marketing program, including advertising cost. I will also find out how much is each new customer and exiting customer worth to the fitness club? When observing the lifetime value of the health and fitness club subscriber, I will use approximation such as fi guring out, how long each customer stays with Fitness First, where the contract will be given for 1-3 years for the new subscribers. Once I know the number and frequency of sales I derived from the average customer, I can then use profit margin to estimate how much each customer worths to the fitness club and how many customers is needed to obtain the specific marketing campaign, in order to consider it as a success: However, to run the campaign of Fitness First, I found that the cost for ITV 1 Yorkshire channel per month is of  £48336, people will be target on the daytime services of 11am to be aware of the services, the local radio station is of  £160 per month with 8 short spot adverts of 15 seconds per day, cinema advertising will be of  £900 per month along with billboard advertising  £1920 the month and the cost of transport advertising is of  £6360 per month ( Source: Blackboard). My message needs to reach customers, therefore the out home advertising buses will be these that are seen on high street shops and go to different places of the city, where middle and junior management of the social class are living. Based on my research, I will therefore recommend 9 months of advertising on radio, buses and billboard along with 4 months advertising on ITV1 Yorkshire and cinema the total average budget for the advertising will be estimated at the price of  £232,188.00 for a whole 9 mo nths period advertisement of all these chosen mediums where the first 5 month will be to remind the people on the existence of Fitness First along to inform them what Fitness First is planning of doing and after the 5 months period have gone Fitness First will now differentiate itself from other competitors by adopting a unique approach and machineries that are of people expertise, when visiting the fitness first club and then persuade them by meeting the needs of people with the choice of services and materials that are environmentally friendly. Report Executive Account Statement To: Brand Spanking Agency 29/10/2012 I Daniel Kevin AMATCHA, I am please to submit my report describing on how I intend to promote the fitness and health club. The purpose of this report was to gather sufficient information to render professional opinion about advertising your health and fitness club. This assessment includes research and figures concerning the cost of the whole month budget when using the mass media to promote the fitness club: however. I have also included the PESTEL analysis, which is an effective way to analyse external impacts on the health and fitness club, and planned the strategic action that will be of good use for the marketing communications mix as I separated into discussions around objectives, message, and media. I have also introduced a marketing communication plan on how to work side with the marketing mix, which I have designed along with its schedule and plan activities including the cost of the advertising. You may also find on my plan the monthly statement budget and the chosen mediums to promote Fitness First club for 9 months period. Bibliography: Source: Wikipedia//>> article//>> Fitness First//>> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitness_First viewed on the 17/10/12 Source: Fitness First//>>  © Fitness First 2012//>> http://www.fitnessfirst.co.uk/ viewed on the 17/10/12 Source: athletics business//>> home//>> articles//>> hot topics//>> environmental issues//>> Fitness Facilities Go Green//>> written by Amy Scanlin, on October 2007//>>http://www.athleticbusiness.com/articles/article.aspx?articleid=3278zoneid=1 viewed on the 17/10/12 Source: fitness360//>>campaign types//>> services/>> sales and promotions//>> © 2012 fitness marketing systems //>> http://www.fitness360online.com/fitness-marketing-services/on-site-membership-promotions viewed on the 24/10/12 Source: Latitude//>> where I am//>> home//>> whom we work with//>> Fitness First//>> http://www.latitudegroup.com/what-weve-done/who-weve-worked-with/fitness-first-2/ viewed on the 17/10/12 Source: Mobile Marketing//>>News//>> Analyses//>> O2//>> Fitness First campaign//>> written by David Murphy released 4 years ago //http://www.mobilemarketingmagazine.co.uk/content/o2-launches-fitness-first-campaign viewed on the 17/10/12 Source: 2.warwick//>>fitnessfirst//>>pdf//>>context analysis and promotional//>>http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/alumni/services/eportfolios/bsqjfb/fitnessfirst.pdf viewed on the 17/10/12 Source: sales-and-marketing-for-you//>>marketing communication plan//>>Copyright  © 2012//>>http://www.sales-and-marketing-for-you.com/marketing-communication-plan.html viewed on the 17/10/12 Source: ehow//>>ways-promote-new-product//>>http://img.ehowcdn.com/author-avatar/studio-image/ver1.0/Content/images/store/0/5/10f337f6-807a-4881-a57c-27efbd75408f.Small.jpg by Larry Amon//>>http://www.ehow.com/way_5162681_ways-promote-new-product.html viewed on the 17/10/12 Larry Amon Larry Amon has been working in the computer field for more than 10 years and has experience writing scripts, instructional articles and political commentary. He has been published online, as well as in NRB Magazine and Delmarva Youth Family. He started a nonprofit media organization in 2000. Source clickbank//>>common ways to promote products//>>http://www.clickbank.com/help/affiliate-help/affiliate-guides/common-ways-to-promote-products/ Source: Blackboard//>>x-stream.leedsmet.ac.uk//>>http://x-stream.leedsmet.ac.uk/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_2_1url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_33250_1%26url%3D Viewed on the22/10/12 Source: myadbase//>> guide//>>advertising radio station//>>http://myadbase.com/guide_final.php?page=advertising_radio_station viewed on the 20/10/12 Source: ukbusiness//>> UK Business forums//>> Business forums//>> General business forum//>>http://www.ukbusinessforums.co.uk/forums/showthread.php?t=49219 viewed on the 26/10/12 Source: outdooradvertisingltd//>>Bus stop advertising//>> http://www.outdooradvertisingltd.co.uk/pages/bus-stop-advertising.php viewed on the 26/10/12 Source: sunriseradio//>> advertising//>> http://www.sunriseradio.fm/innerpage.php?rank=2 viewed on the 24/10/12

Circuit Analysis Using Kirchoffs Voltage Law, Kirchoffs Current Law,

Have you ever wondered how or what makes an electric circuit function? A fact that many people don't realize is that almost every electric circuit can be analyzed with three very important laws. Those laws are Kirchoff's Current Law, Kirchoff's Voltage Law, and Ohm's Law. With some practice and the above stated laws in your tool bag, you can feel assured that you too can analyze electric circuits with the best of them. However, before we get into the nitty-gritty of defining and using these laws, I recommend that you first connect to the links that offer a little historical information about the two men that defined these fundamental laws for electric circuit analysis. Gustav Robert Kirchoff was a German physicist born on March 12, 1824, in Konigsber, Prussia. Gustav Kirchoff's first research topic was on the conduction of electricity. As a result of this research, Kirchoff wrote the Laws of Closed Electric Circuits in 1845. These laws were eventually named after their author, which are now known as Kirchoff's Current and Voltage Laws. Because Kirchoff's Voltage and Current laws apply to all electric circuits, a firm understanding of these fundamental laws is paramount in the understanding of how an electronic circuit functions. Although these laws have immortalized Kirchoff in the field of Electrical Engineering, Kirchoff also had additional discoveries. Gustav Kirchoff was the first person to verify that an electrical impulse traveled at the speed of light. Furthermore, Kirchoff made major contributions in the study of spectroscopy and he advanced the research into blackbody radiation. Gustav Robert Kirchoff died in Berlin in October 17, 1887. Georg Simon Ohm was a German physicist born in Erlangen, Bavaria, on March 16, ... ...t is directly proportional to its applied voltage and inversely proportional to its resistance. In equation form, Ohm's law states V = I*R where V is the applied voltage, R is the resistance in Ohms, I is the current in amperes. Ohm's law demonstrates that if the applied voltage across a circuit is increased or decreased, the current generated in the circuit increases and decreases, respectively. Furthermore, as the resistance in a circuit increases, the current generated in the circuit decreases. The following are algebraic variations of Ohm's law that demonstrate theses observations. I = V / R R = V / I Using one of the three algebraic variations of Ohm's law, and any two known variables, one can solve for the other unknown quantity.

Hypothesis Testing Essay

In today’s world of statistical research there is a multitude of ways to make new discoveries and formulate new ideas; one way to accomplish this is for researchers to have inquiring minds that need to have their questions answered. To do this they must develop their hypothesis. Then researchers can develop a verbal and numerical hypothesis in which they will be able to test this hypothesis. In patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), there seems to be a malfunction in the brain cells to soak up dopamine, which can lead to ADHD, it causes the patient to lose the ability to focus or retain any attention span (Allan, 2012). Team A will show the statistical outcome of diet versus traditional medications. Common treatments and side effects will be discussed in another slide, along with the importance of eating a balanced diet with â€Å"clean† foods. Results show that eating a high-protein diet with complex carbohydrates and foods with Omega -3 fatty acids seem to play a role in alleviating ADHD symptoms. What seems to do good things for our brains seems to do good things for those that suffer from ADHD. Avoiding foods that are simple carbohydrates like candy, sugars, and foods made with white flour is a good idea, as these foods seem to make matters worse. ADHD and Diet Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, also known as ADHD, is a developmental disability that usually presents in early childhood and results in a persistent and chronic pattern of learning impairment in school, in social settings, and in daily adaptive functioning. The lasting pattern of inattentiveness and/or uncontrollability or recklessness is more often exhibited and more relentless than which is typically observed in individuals at a comparable level of physical and emotional development. In adulthood, ADHD can affect an individual’s work, behavior, social life, and relationships. ADHD tends to reflect an individual’s normal behaviors but at an exaggerated level. This causes difficulty focusing, following through on tasks, meeting deadlines, and the ability to stay motivated especially during tasks that are tedious and extraneous (Duca, 2010). Some research has shown that diet can have an effect on the symptoms of ADHD. In the past 15 or more years more information has been found linking nutrients with ADHD. Researchers are considering multiple etiologies in regards to the development of ADHD and it has become more evident that diet does play a major role in the foundation of ADHD. Studies have shown that the brain abnormalities that individuals with ADHD have been shown to have are not preprogrammed but instead are a manifestation of genetic susceptibilities to noted risk factors including diet and malnutrition. Particular individuals may be genetically heightened necessities for certain nutrients. When these individuals do not receive these nutrients in their diet they are more vulnerable to the brain abnormalities associated with ADHD (Duca, 2010). Conventionally ADHD is treated with stimulant medications such as Ritalin, Focalin, Dexedrine, and Adderall. These medications work by enhancing the transmission of nor epinephrine and dopamine in the brain but they do not come without side effects such as loss of appetite, insomnia, irritability, depressive symptoms, headaches, fatigue, and nausea. Most of the psychological and conventional medical community does not support nontraditional treatments such as nutrient supplementation, diet manipulation, and environmental and food elimination because they do not feel that there is enough research to show that these methods can permanently alter the symptoms of ADHD (Duca, 2010). From a dietary viewpoint ADHD prevention begins early in life during the first three years when brain growth is rampant. Diet plays an important role during this time to support brain health. Research has shown that the underlying contributor to the etiology of ADHD is imbalances in a child’s diet. A balanced diet free of preservatives, processed sugars, and potential food allergens is helpful in the prevention and intervention of ADHD. A diet rich in organic whole foods, fresh vegetables and fruits, abundant in mineral and phytonutrients, and rich in essential fats are important (Duca, 2010). Numerical and Verbal Hypothesis Statement Based on previously acquired research on how a healthy diet of clean non processed foods can help to lessen the symptoms of ADHD Team A has decided to test this theory to see if it is accurate. The research hypothesis that Team A has created is that: Eating a healthy â€Å"clean† diet can help to lessen the symptoms of ADHD. On the other hand the null hypothesis would claim that a healthy diet has no effect on the symptoms of ADHD and would be just as effective as if the subject ate a diet of 100% processed foods. In order to complete this test Team A will have two populations of people to research, population one will be made up of six people who are all on a diet of pre-chosen healthy foods. Population two will be made up of six people who are not following the specified healthy diet and instead eating what could be considered â€Å"junk† food or â€Å"bad† food. Team A’s hypothesis written in numerical form has to start with identifying  µ=the mean symptoms present in those eating healthy. We will also have to restate the hypothesis which would be written out as (H1)  µ1 <  µ2, simply meaning that the mean of population one will be less then population two. This should be able to prove that population one (the healthy eating group) will have less symptoms than population two (non healthy eating). The null hypothesis states (H0)  µ1 =  µ2 which means that population one will equal population two and there will be no difference between the groups symptoms as a result of changing their diets. Using this information we will be able to properly show a breakdown of the five steps of hypothesis testing that Team A will follow. Five Steps of Hypothesis Testing Five steps are involved in hypothesis testing. The point of the steps is to either prove or to disprove the questions involved. They are useful in evaluating the solutions of an issue or research opportunity. An example is a possible correlation between attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and diet. The first step of process includes identification of a null hypothesis and variables involved, or more simply, stating the issue being studied. This is a comparison of two categories. Step one is this case claims that poor diet or malnutrition partnered with genetic susceptibilities potentially do not influence brain abnormalities which are associated with ADHD. The independent variable is diet and is categorical. The dependant variable is ADHD symptoms which are continuous (Davis 2007). The second step of the process involves specifying an alternative hypothesis which suggests a difference of the variables. Our null denied symptoms of ADHD influenced by diet. The alternative to this is that ADHD symptoms decrease with improved diet. Therefore, the two groups of our sample, or the two categories of diet are poor diet and good diet (Davis 2007). Step 3 of this process involves setting a significance or alpha level. In other words, determine the degree to which error is allowed. Type I is alpha and Type II is beta. The confidence level involves type I or type II errors. Whether or not diet influences ADHD symptoms is the question. When the truth is that diet indeed does influence (H0), selecting does not (Ha) would be a Type I error. If the truth is diet does not influence (Ha), then selecting that it does (H0) would be a Type II error (Davis 2007). The fourth part of the process involves calculating the probability of the hypothesis occurring. If this probability ends up being equal to our significance level (alpha/beta) then our null hypothesis that poor diet does not influence brain abnormalities associated with ADHD. If the null is rejected then the alternative is accepted but never with 100% certainty. The fifth and final step is simply describing the results of the study and stating our conclusion in relation to the original question (Davis 2007). Team A’s researcher referenced a study linking dietary needs to improve the functions and abilities for children that suffer with ADHD. Research shows that a contributing factor with ADHS is dietary imbalance in children beginning at a young age of around 3 years old. A balanced diet is said to help improve this imbalance, when the dietary needs are met using whole foods rich in mineral and phytonutrients with rich essential fatty oils (Duca, 2010). Being that the research showed underlying contributions this motivated Team A to further our investigation. Team A already had the knowledge that healthy eating led to proper body function and mechanics, but how dietary could needs improve the functions and abilities of children that suffer with ADHD is what Team A wanted to research further. Team A found that the side effects from medications lead to some disturbing results such as loss of appetite, insomnia, irritability, depressive symptoms, headaches, fatigue, and nausea. This is no way for a child to live and if symptoms can or even have the slightest ability to controlled, then proper diet with â€Å"clean† foods should be the way to proceed. References Allan, S. (2012). The Brain, Nutrition and ADHD. Retrieved from http://www.sevencounties.org/ website. Duca, R. (2010). Nutritional Considerations in the Management of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Nutritional Perspectives: Journal Of The Council On Nutrition, 34(4), 5-16. Davis, B.L. (2007). Decision Rule for Hypothesis Testing. Retrieved from http://home.chpc.utah.edu/ website.